Jaw crusher with hydraulic release and reset device



March 4, 1952 sgw. TRAYLOR, JR 2, 88 80 JAW CRUSHER WITH HYDRAULICRELEASE AND RESET DEVICE Filed June 11, 1948 2 SHEETSSHEET l r I 29 J a?i 3? y 27/ 1; I g

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JAW CRUSHER WITH HYDRAULIC RELEASE AND RESET DEVICE March 4, 1952 FiledJune 11, 1948 SaZuel WI final or,J1:

Patented Mar. 4, 1952 JAW CRUSHER WITH HYDRAULIC RELEASE AND RESETDEVICE Samuel William Traylor, Jr., Allentown, Pa.

Application June 11, 1948, Serial No. 32,514

The present invention relates to crushers oi the type employed to reducethe size of such material as rock, ore, and the like. More particularly,the invention relates to jaw type crushers, as distinguished fromupright gyratory crushers.

The primary object of the invention is to provide an automatic releaseand reset device for crushers, to the end that the machine will not bedamaged by the introduction of non-crushable objects, such as trampiron, into the space between the crushing jaws.

Another object is to provide means for releasing the support for thenormally fixed jaw of the crusher, so that the jaw may be displaced topermit the passage through the crushing zone of a non-crushable object.

A further object is to provide means for automatically returning thenormally fixed crushing jaw to its original, operative position afterthe passage of a non-crushable object through the crushing zone.

Another objectof the invention is to provide means for retarding thisreturn movement of the normally fixed crushing jaw, so that the samecannot quickly follow the movable jaw as it recedes from the displaced,normally fixed jaw, thereby permitting the non-crushable object to drop,relatively rapidly, through thecrushing zone, during the course of onlya few cycles of movement of the positively actuated movable jaw.

Another ob ect of the invention is to provide a normally fixed crushingjaw comprised of a plurality of sections, all of which or only some ofwhich may be displaceable and to provide an automatic release and resetdevice 'for each movable section, to the end that undue twisting strainsare not imparted to the jaw as a whole, when a non-crushable object isencountered.

Another object of the invention is to provide improved means for readilyadjusting the crushing space between the jaws, to control the degree offineness of the crushed material.

Other and further objects and advantages of the invention will beapparent from a consideration of the following description of certainpreferred embodiments of the invention, shown for purposes ofillustration in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a vertical, transaxial section and partial elevation of acrusher of the grooved rolltype;

Figure 2 is a similar, fragmentary enlarged view, showing the automaticrelease and reset device in longitudinal section;

Claims. (Cl. 241-148) Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 1, showingthe invention embodied in a swinging jaw type crusher;

Figure 4 'is an elevation taken from the left ofFigure 3;

Figure 5 is a fragmentary view of a modified type of jaw crusher; and

Figure 6 is an enlarged longitudinal section of the hydraulic releaseand reset device.

The crusher shown in Figures 1 and 2 is generally of the type shown anddescribed in my prior applicat on Serial No. 591,342, filed May 1, 1945,now Patent 2,464,732, March 15, 1949, and reference to that patent ismade for a complete description thereof. As there described, a roll 10having a central bushing II is journaled upon the eccentric portion I2of a positively driven central shaft, so that the roll is'g ven agyratory motion about the axis of the shaft. The roll carries a rim l3constituting a positively actuated, movable jaw having a circumferentialgroove 14 in its periphery. of generally V-shaped cross-section. Themachine frame 15 carries a pair of shafts l6 and I1, upon which 'a'pairof aw-supporting members 18 and 19 are pivoted. Each member carries ajaw element 20 having an upwardly projecting V-section rib of graduallyincreasing height, projecting into the grove Id of the rim member l3. Asthe roll gyrates rapidly, the rim l3 repeatedly approaches and recedesfrom the jaw elements and rolls slowly upon and crushes the material fedinto the two crushing zones. The crushed material is discharged, whenreduced to size, by lateral and endwise movement, through the spacebetween the ribs and the groove, all as is explained in theaforementioned application.

The crusher frame is shaped to provide a pair of sockets 25 and 26, inwhich the hydraulic release and reset assemblies 21 of the presentinvention are disposed. The forward end face 28 of each assembly isdisposed in abutting relation to'a boss 29 integral with the jawsupports l8 and I9, while the rear end face 30 of each assembly is'inabutting relation to a pair-oi wedge'barsSl, 32, driven into appropriateopenings formed at diametric points in the side wall of the socketmembers 25 and 26. Thus, the assemblies 21 constitute backing-upsupports for the jaws and prevent their downward pivoting movement underthe influence of normal crushing pressure.

The crushing space between the normally fixed jaws 20 and the positivelydriven, movable jaw,

constitutedby the rim [3, is controlled by an adjustable stop means,comprising a tie-bolt '85, connected at one end througha pin to the rearface of the jaw supports 18 and I9, and extending at the other endthrough a slot 38 formed in a block 39, extending upwardly from thesocket members 25, 26, with a compression spring 40 on the end portionthereof, interposed between the block and a washer 4 i, held in place bya nut 42 on the threaded end of the bolt. As noted below, each springloaded hydraulic piston and cylinder assembly 21 urges the associatedjaw support and jaw toward the rim l3 with very substantial force.Movement of each jaw support and jaw in this direction, however, islimited by the tie-bolt 36 and the associated parts. By adjusting thenut 42 on the bolt 35, the normal position of the associated jaw may beaccurately determined and the crushing space correspondingly fixed.

Referring to Figures 2 and 6, each spring loaded hydraulic piston andcylinder assembly 21, constituting the automatic release and resetdevice, comprises a main cylinder 45, having a closed forward end 46 andan open rear end 41. Disposed within the cylinder 45 is a piston havinga head 48, facing the closed end of the cylinder and a skirt 49,extending from the rear, open end thereof. The piston head 48 isapertured as at 59, providing a rearwardly facing, spherical valve seat5|, for the reception of the head 52 of a rearwardly opening poppetvalve 53, having a forwardly extending stem 54, upon which is threaded acup 55, constituting a seat for a relatively heavy coil compressionspring 56, bearing against the forward face of the piston head andtending to maintain the valve closed.

A hydraulic leather 51 is attached to the forward face of the pistonhead by conventional bolts, not shown. A coil compression spring 58 isinterposed between the piston head and the closed end of the cylinder.The valve 53 is provided with a fluid return passage 60, closed at itsforward end by a check valve 6| urged to closed position by a lightcompression spring 62, housed within a cap 83 threaded on the end of thevalve stem and having a transverse passage 64, open at both ends.

The main piston has a hollow interior 65 defined by the skirt 49,constituting a reservoir, the effective volumetric capacity of which iscontrolled by a second piston or plunger 66, having a hydraulic leather6'! on its front face, and urged forwardly by a coil compression spring68, interposed between the rear surface thereof and a cap 68, threadedon the rear end of the piston skirt 49.

The interiors of the cylinder 45 and of the reservoir 65 are filled witha body of liquid, such as oil. Filling openings for this purpose areprovided at 10 and II, and an air vent opening at 12. With the cylinderand reservoir thus filled with a continuous body of liquid, the tendencyof springs 58 and 68 is to distend the parts, or to move the piston 48toward the left and the cylinder 45 toward the right. Hence, when thepiston and cylinder assembly is positioned as shown in Figures 1 and 2,the normally fixed jaw is urged toward the rim [3, but movement in thisdirection is limited, as described above, by the tie-bolt 35 andassociated parts.

Normal crushing pressures, applied from the positively actuated, movablejaw (rim i3) to each jaw 20 are resisted by the body of liquid in thecylinder 45, since normal crushing pressures are insufficient to openthe valve 53, normally maintained in closed position by the spring 56.Flow of liquid from the cylinder through the passage 69 in the valvetoward the reservoir 65 is prevented by the check valve 6|. Thus, thenormally confined body of liquid in the cylinder 45, ahead of the piston48 prevents displacement of the piston under normal crushing pressures.

If abnormal pressures are applied to either of the jaws 29, forinstance, by the introduction of a non-crushable object into thecrushing zone, the forces applied to the assembly 21 by the jaw supportis so great that the pressure of the confined body of liquid overcomesthe force of spring 56 and quickly opens the valve 53, therebypermitting the liquid to flow rapidly through the aperture 58 in thepiston head, into the reservoir 65, with consequent displacement ofpiston 49 and displacement in the opposite direction of the secondpiston or plunger 66, against the force of spring 68. Thus, the normallyfixed jaw and jaw support are displaced by the relative collapse of thehydraulic release device. As the positively actuated movable jaw recedesfrom the displaced, normally fixed jaw, the latter is prevented fromimmediately assuming its original position or following the recedingmovable jaw. As soon as the excessive pressure is relieved, by thisreceding movement, valve 53 immediately closes, prevent ing the returnflow of liquid from the reservoir 65 to the cylinder 45 through thelarge opening 59. The liquid tends to return through the passage 60 invalve 53, past check valve 6|, under the influence of pressure impartedto the liquid by spring 68, behind the second piston or plunger 65, butthis return flow is retarded by the restricted size of the passage 69.Hence, the displaced jaw 28 cannot follow the rapidly moving positivelyactuated jaw in each receding cycle. As a result, the non-crushableobject will quickly pass through the crushing zone for discharge,whereupon the return flow of liquid through the passage 68 will returnthe parts to their original position for continued operation of thecrusher in the normal manner.

The form of the invention shown in Figure 3 is similar in many respectsto crushers known as jaw crushers. A movable jaw 15, pivoted at itsupper end on a shaft 16, carried by the machine frame 11, has one ormore jaw plates 18 secured to its front face. Swinging movement isimparted to the jaw support 15 by toggle links 19, 88, interposedbetween a frame-supported block 8|, a pitman 82 and the back of the jawsupport, the pitman being mounted upon an eccentric portion 83 of atransverse shaft, journalled in the machine frame and having a heavy flywheel 84 thereon. The lower end of the swinging jaw 15 may be connectedto a rearwardly extending tension rod 85, extending through an aperturedlug 86 on the machine frame, with a compression spring 81 interposedbetween the lug and a washer 88 held. on the rod by nuts 89. The tensionrod serves to maintain the toggle links constantly under compression andassures return movement or retraction of the swinging jaw.

Facing the swinging jaw plates 18 is a normally fixed jaw, in this casecomprised of a plurality of parts or sections, including an upper jawplate 98 rigidly secured to a part 9| of the machine frame, and a pairof lower jaw plates 92, mounted upon a pair of independent displaceablejaw supports 93, 94. The supports arepivoted at their upper ends upon atransverse shaft carried by the machine frame and, at their lower endsare provided with integral, downwardly extending arms 96, to whichrearwardly extending tie-bolts 97, 98 are connected, the latter beingextended through apertured lugs 99, I00, formed integrally with themachine frame.

Adjusting nuts fll'l, I02 are threaded on the ends of the tie-bolts, tolimit the degree of forward movement of the jaw supports 93 and 94 andthe jaw plates 92 carried thereby.

The machine frame is shaped to provide a pair of parallel sockets I05,I05, for the reception of the spring loaded hydraulic release and resetassemblies 21, which may be identical to the one previously describedand shown in detail in Figure 6. The assemblies are preferably held inplace behind the jaw supports 53 and M- by wedge bars Nil, driventhrough diametric openings in the sockets, as previously described.

This construction has the advantage that, when a non-crushable objectenters the crushing zone, between one of the normally fixed jaw plates92, that particular plate and its support 93 or 94 may be displacedrearwardly, without affecting the other one. As a result, undue twistingstrains are not imparted to the normally fixed jaw andto the supportingshaft 95 therefor.

The space in the crushing zone is controlled in the same manner aspreviously described, by adjusting thenuts Hi! and I 02 on the tie-bolts9'1 and 98.

In themodificationshown in Figure 5, the normally fixed crushing jaw ismade up of a pair of jaw plates H9, Ill, carried by a single support IH2, pivoted upon a shaft I l3. carried by the machine frame. A singlehydraulic release and reset device 21 is mounted'in a socket H t. andthe other parts may substantially the same as previously described.

The operation of the release and reset device frame, a positivelyactuated crushing jaw and a normally fixed, releasable crushing jaw,means for supporting the releasable jaw for displacement under theinfluence of abnormal crushing forces, comprising a unitary hydraulicselfcontained, bodily removable piston and cylinder assembly having aliquid reservoir associated therewith, a body of liquid in saidassembly, a normally closed, spring loaded valve adapted to be openedupon overload to deliver liquid from the cylinder to the reservoir andto permit displacement of the piston and release of the support, areturn passage of restricted size from the reservoir to the cylinder,and a spring pressed plunger operatively associated with the reservoirfor causing retarded return flow of liquid to the cylinder upontermination of said overload.

2. In a crusher of the type having a rigid frame and normally fixed andmovable crushing jaws, an overload release and reset device forsupporting the normally fixed jaw, said device comprising a cylinder, ahollow piston slidable therein, a body of liquid in the cylinder, anormally closed spring loaded valve adapted upon overload to deliverliquid from the cylinder to the hollow piston interior, to permitdisplacement of the piston into the cylinder, a spring pressed plungerassociated with said hollow piston causing return flow of liquid fromthe piston interior to the cylinder upon termination of said overloadand means for retarding said return flow.

3. In a crusher of the type having a rigid frame and normally fixed andmovable crushing jaws, an overload release and reset device forsupporting the normally fixed jaw, said device comprising a cylinderhaving open and closed ends, a hollow piston in the open end having anapertured head, a body of liquid in the cylinder, a spring loaded valvenormally closing the head aperture and preventing flow from the cylinderto the piston interior, but permitting such flow upon overload withconsequent displacement of the piston into the cylinder and a spring insaid cylinder bearing against the apertured head of the piston forreturning the piston to its original position upon termination ofoverload.

4. In a crusher of the type having a rigid frame and normally fixed andmovable crushing jaws, an overload release and reset device forsupporting the normally fixed jaw, said device comprising a cylinderhaving open and closed ends, a hollow'piston in the open end having anapertured head, a body of liquid in the cylinder, a spring loaded valvenormally closing the head aperture and preventing flow from the cylinderto the piston interior, but permitting such flow upon overload withconsequent displacement of the piston into the cylinder, and means.forreturning the piston to its original position upon termination ofoverload, the last mentioned means comprising a spring urging the pistontoward the open end of the cylinder and a return passage of restrictedsize for the return flow of liquid from the piston interior to thecylinder.

5. A crusher in accordance with claim 4 characterized by the inclusionof a check valve in said return passage, permitting said return flow ofliquid, but preventing the flow therethrough from the cylinder to thepiston interior upon overload conditions.

6. In a crusher of the type having a; rigid frame and normally fixed'andmovable crushing jaws, an overload release and reset device forsupporting the normally fixed jaw, said device comprising a cylinderhaving open and closed ends, a hollow piston in the open end having anapertured head, a body of liquid in the cylinder, 2. spring loaded valvenormally closing the head aperture and preventing flow from the cylinderto the piston interior, but permitting such flow upon overload withconsequent displacement of the piston into the cylinder, and means forreturning the piston to its original position upon termination ofoverolad, the last mentioned means comprising a spring urging the pistontoward the open end of the cylinder and a return passage of restrictedsize extending through the body of said valve for the return flow ofliquid from the piston interior to the cylinder.

7. In a crusher of the type having a rigid frame and normally fixed andmovable crushing jaws,- an overload release and reset device forsupporting the normally fixed jaw, said device comprising a cylinderhaving a closed forward end and an open rear end, a hollow piston in theopen end having an apertured head facing the closed end of the cylinder,a body of liquid in the cylinder, a rearwardly opening, spring loadedvalve normally closing the aperture in the piston head, a return passageof restricted size from the piston interior to the cylinder, a forwardlyopening check valve associated therewith, a return spring urging thepiston rearwardly and a spring pressed plunger in the piston interior,displaceable by liquid admitted thereto upon overload and dischargingthe liquid therefrom through said return passage and check valve uponresumption of normal load conditions.

8. In a crusher of the type having a rigid frame and normally fixed andmovable crushing jaws, an overload release and reset device forsupporting the normally fixed jaw, said device comprising a cylinderhaving a closed forward end and an open rear end, a piston having anapertured head in the cylinder facing the closed end thereof and a skirtprojecting from the open end, providing a hollow interior constituting aliquid reservoir, a normally closed, spring loaded, rearwardly openingvalve in the aperture in the piston head, adapted upon overload todischarge liquid from the cylinder into the reservoir and thereby permitdisplacement of the piston, said valve having a return flow passage ofrestricted size extending from the reservoir to the cylinder with aforwardly opening check valve therein, a second piston in said reservoirand spring means urging the latter toward the apertured head to returnliquid through said passage into the cylinder upon termination ofoverload.

9. A crusher comprising a rigid frame, a positively driven crushingmember supported by the frame, a normally fixed jaw disposed oppositesaid member and comprising a section rigidly fixed with respect to theframe and another section pivotally connected to the frame for relativedisplacement with respect thereto and facing the said member, a unitary,self-contained spring loaded hydraulic piston and cylinder assemblyremovably carried by the frame and urging said pivotally connectedsection of the jaw toward the member, and adjustable stop means limitingthe movement of the pivoted jaw section toward said member under theinfluence of said assembly, thereby to control the crushing spacebetween the jaw and the member, said assembly being collapsible when thepivoted jaw section is 4 subjected to overload crushing pressure, topermit displacement of said pivoted jaw section and including means forretarding the return of its parts to the normal position, determined bysaid stop means.

10. A crusher in accordance with claim 9 characterized in that the saidjaw comprises an upper section rigidly carried by the frame and aplurality of lower sections disposed in side by side relation, pivotedto the frame adjacent their upper ends, and in that a separate springloaded hydraulic piston and cylinder assembly is interposed between eachof the last mentioned sections and the frame, below the pivotalconnection thereof to the frame.

SAMUEL WILLIAM TRAYLOR, JR.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 450,488 Howland Apr. 14, 1891899,176 Mueller Sept. 22, 1908 1,062,580 Bolee May 27, 1913 1,397,377Harpham Nov. 15, 1921 1,598,923 Mason Sept. 7, 1926 2,022,135 NewhouseNov. 26, 1935 2,044,653 Wettlaufer June 16, 1936 2,079,882 Traylor May11, 1937 2,098,290 Hinkle Nov. 9, 1937 2,182,900 McIlvried Dec. 12, 19392,424,198 Tauscher July 15, 1947 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date26,267 France May 8, 1923 10,213 Australia Nov. 18, 1932 423,588 GreatBritain Feb. 4, 1935 491,986 Great Britain Sept. 13, 1938 502,705 GreatBritain Mar. 23, 1939

